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Haemodialysis is a medical treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine, often necessary for individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or acute kidney injury. Here’s an overview:

Process

  • Access: A vascular access (AV fistula, graft, or catheter) is created to connect the patient’s bloodstream to the dialysis machine.
  • Blood filtration: The patient’s blood is pumped into the dialyzer, where it passes through a semipermeable membrane, allowing waste products
    and excess fluids to be removed.
  • Dialysate: A special solution, called dialysate, is pumped through the dialyzer, helping to remove waste products and excess fluids.
  • Clean blood return: The filtered blood is then returned to the patient’s body.

Types

  • In-center haemodialysis: Performed at a dialysis center, typically 3 times a week, for 3-4 hours per session.
  • Home haemodialysis: Performed at the patient’s home, often more frequently, with the assistance of a care partner.
  • Nocturnal haemodialysis: Performed at night, while the patient sleeps, often 3-4 times a week.

Benefits

  • Waste removal: Effective removal of waste products, such as urea, creatinine, and other toxins.
  • Fluid management: Helps regulate fluid balance, reducing the risk of complications.
  • Electrolyte balance: Maintains electrolyte balance, reducing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness.

Risks and complications

  • Infection: Risk of infection at the vascular access site.
  • Blood clots: Risk of blood clots forming in the vascular access or dialyzer.
  • Hypotension: Risk of low blood pressure during or after treatment.
  • Nutritional deficiencies: Risk of nutritional deficiencies, particularly protein and vitamin deficiencies.

Importance of haemodialysis

Haemodialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for individuals with ESRD or acute kidney injury. It helps maintain fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and waste removal, improving overall health and quality of life.

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